2020中考英语现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1.共同点:
现在完成时和一般过去时都表示一个在过去完成的动作。
2.区别:
①现在完成时强调的是与现在的关系,如对现在产生的结果或影响等,属于现在时范围,谈论的是现在的情况。而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生,不表示和现在的关系,现在情况可能已发生变化。
Who opened the door? (“谁开的门?”只强调过去开门这一动作,门现在可能已关上。)
Who has opened the door? (“谁把门开了?”强调门现在依然还开着。)
②现在完成时不能与明确的过去时间状语连用,如:three days ago, last year, yesterday, last Sunday, in2008等等。如句中有以上这些明确的过去时间状语,应用一般过去时。再有,过去发生的一个动作,如现在情况已经发生的变化,也应用一般过去时。
☆特别提醒:如果这些过去时间状语前有since,表示“自过去某一时间一直延续到现在”,应用现在完成时。
He finished reading the book the day before yesterday.
I put my ruler in my pencil-box, but I can’t find it now.
My cousin has been in Nanjing since 2009.
③现在完成时不与when引导的特殊疑问句连用,when后只用一般过去时表示已发生的动作。但现在完成时可与where, why等疑问词连用。如:Where have you been? (你去过哪里了?)
--The train has left.
--When did the train leave?
④since引导的时间状语从句后面用一般过去时,只有前面的主句才用现在完成时。
We have known each other since we came to the school two years ago.
⑤有些时间状语,如this morning, this month, tonight等,既可以与一般过去时连用,又可以与现在完成时连用,但内涵不同。与一般过去时连用时,表示与“现在”无关,时间已成为过去。而与现在完成时连用,则表示包括“现在”在内。
I saw him this morning. (时间已不在上午了。)
I have seen him this morning. (说话时间还是上午。)
He lived in New York for eight years. (他现在已经不在纽约住了。)
He has lived in New York for eight years. (他现在还在纽约居住。)
同步练习
动词填空:
1. I ______(see)Tom last Friday.
2. _____you _____(go)to the Great Wall last summer?
3.--Where _____you _____(put) my pen?
--I ______(put) it in my pencil-box, but it’s nowhere to be found.
4.When ______you______(start) to live in China?
5.--The train______ (leave) already.
--When ______ the train ______(leave)?
6.It is five years since I ______(meet) you last.
7.Where _____ you_____(be) for the last two weeks?
8.I _____ (lose)my pen in the bedroom. I have to write with a pencil.
单项选择:
( ) 1. --Where ____ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.
-- I _____ it right here. But now it’s gone!
A.did you put; have put
B. have you put;put
C. had you put; was putting